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M7ʱ |qQD,K"#F8\%NMg?lSD}N߯umZđ/, %HⰞ8h) 4qh (32h>(ǗfcWIENDB`N(im / 0LDArialܖ_> 0ܖ0tt,x: 0 B ).  @n?" dd@  @@``   0E*  !"#$%&'()*./0256789:=>?@A42$iC@@W[Ʋb$5ĕmubKnO˅$$$$b$.*x&QQ;_R 0e0e     A@  A5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||s " 0e@        @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `ab f@Q ʚ;f8ʚ;g4YdYdP9x: 0ppp@ <4!d!d@ 0t,<4dddd@ 0t, <4BdBd@ 0t80___PPT10 pp? %=ELSST  UMeeting the Challenge of a Multilingual Thesaurus Taina Jskelinen, translator, FSDVV@2      Translating a thesaurus  +English term 1: SONS English term 2: BOYS,, ,    One solution0   =Finnish term 1: POJAT (JLKIKASVU) Finnish term 2: POJAT ><p           ELSST European Language Social Science Thesaurus Over 3.000 terms, translated wholly or partly to nine languages English thesaurus used as source Part of an EU-funded project 2                                         ELSST European data archives use to index research data Multilingual search on Madiera portal Not a general thesaurus, has a definite purpose Describes social science data                                   /#Thesaurus translation0     Terms appear alone, without context What does the concept really refer to? English term: BILLS Request for payment of money owed, or the piece of paper on which it is written.(`Q`QD                         Q  Scope Notes"  Scope Notes essential One meaning only within the domain of the thesaurus More Scope Notes needed in multilingual than monolingual thesauri Need for Scope Notes varies from language to language: a term may be self-evident in one language but not in another                                                                  Term requirements0    Natural language terms Accepted by the scientific community Based on conventions in each language PRISONERS OF WAR - SOTAVANGIT WASTE DISPOSAL AND HANDLING - JTEHUOLTO ADVERTISING - MAINONTA <b`b`&                        a Multilingual thesaurus0     Not a glossary or a vocabulary! Used as a search and indexing tool Mapping of concepts, not just translating terms Terms from each language must represent the same concept *                                             Linguistic problems  BLOOD SPORTS Scope Note: Sports involving injuring or killing of animals, especially sports of the chase UFs: Bull-fighting, fox-hunting, hare-coursing, hunting > ZZZ &i  6  zIn Finnish no such concept  no word or phrase to express it "=ZZ> >  Solution 1 to BLOOD SPORTS("  Direct translation resulting in a  coined term: VERIURHEILU UFs: metsstys (=hunting) hrktaistelut (=bull-fights) koiratappelut (=dog fights) kukkotappelut (=cockfights) 3j                    "Solution 2 to BLOOD SPORTS("  Narrower term: METSSTYS (=hunting) With Translation Scope Notes both in English and Finnish to explain the difference in meaning@^^4                         $Solution 3 to BLOOD SPORTS("  Combination of terms: METSSTYS + HRKTAISTELUT + KOIRATAPPELUT + KUKKOTAPPELUT Not feasible Too long without including all possible sports*?<    A                 9& Equivalence  lExact equivalence Inexact or near equivalence Partial equivalence Single to many equivalence Non-equivalencemm                          5%Single to many equivalence<      English term: EDITORS<     ()Differences in systems cause difficulties**(d         Typically education, pension, social security, and health systems E.g., in Britain NHS, in Finland municipal health centres Legal terminology especially difficult to map (                                       )Cultural differences0    MARRIED WOMEN WORKERS UF Working wives TYSSKYVT AVIOVAIMOT No Finn would ever think of using this term for indexing , as most wives work, therefore no data would be found with the term pPPPPP,   1$Consequencies for searches0    ^COEDUCATIONAL SCHOOLS SN Schools where boys and girls are educated together SINGLE SEX SCHOOLSBZ6ZZ6                 ,Language families: Indo-European vs. Uralic --(p         Tolerance (English term) Tolerans (Swedish) Tolerance (French) Toleranz (German) Tolerancia (Spanish) Toleranse (Norwegian)Z                               *Language families 2<    rBigamy (English) Bigamie (French) Bigamie (German) Bigamia (Spanish) Bigami (Danish) Bigami (Swedish) ss&                         Language families 3<    ?Pharmacies (English) Pharmacies (French) Farmacias (Spanish)@@               ,!Finnish sometimes conformingJ       Agressiveness (English) Agressivite (French) Agresividad (Spanish) Agressivitt (German) Aggressivitet (Danish) Aggressivitet (Swedish) Z@                              Experiences from ELSST 1<     Not a good starting point: translating one thesaurus into other languages as such Preparatory work essential Specific terms as language-spefic UFs Multilingual thesauri terms more general Management group and a updating tool necessary (                                                         Experiences from ELSST 2<     Differences in ELSST: Indexing at study level or variable (question) level IFLA Guidelines for multilingual thesauri Madiera portal (www.madiera.net)t                                /!# 0 2 3468:]   0` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@,?" dd@    @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>  f(    6m P  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0p   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0w ``  >*  0| `   @*  0\ `   @*|  dA"޽h ?powerpoint_ssivu ̙3333y___PPT10Y+D=' ,= @B + Default Design 0 zrpd (  d d 0  9    P*   d 0  L h9   R*  d d c $ ?P    d 0      RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S d 6  3l    P*   d 6  3L hl   R*  H d 0e ? 3380___PPT10.> p 8(     0] 9  _ >*   0@] M i9 _ @*   6] 4m  ] >*   6*  4M im ] @* H  0e ? ̙3380___PPT10.2pqg 0 @ (   x  c $,,p , x  c $X, `   , `  C 8A KielitunnusCMYC`OH  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' ,= @B +   0 2*P(  r  S LO0P  0 r  S =0 0   C *Aj02860346 I{,$D  0  0' >F ,$ 0 t.Finnish term 1: POJAT Finnish term 2: POJAT /Z/ / H  0޽h ? ̙33 ___PPT10+iD' (= @B DH' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?dCB1+#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*+8+0+0 +  0 Hv(  Hr H S W0P  0 r H S X0 0 J H 04[0    (Qualifier added to one of the two terms.))           H H 0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>+D=' ,= @B +}  0 D$(  Dr D S g0P  0 r D S h0 0 H D 0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>pj+D=' ,= @B +}  0 t$(  tr t S `v0P  0 r t S 8w0 0 H t 0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>0E+D=' ,= @B +<   0 Py(  x  c $0}0P  0 x  c $0  0 A  0L0  ,,$  0 aBut meaning in ELSST: Proposals for legislation which, if adopted by Parliament, become statutes.bZba H  0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10.>&+b\Do' ,= @B D*' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%( D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 +}  0 l$(  lr l S 0P  0 r l S L0 0 H l 0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>wB+D=' ,= @B +}  0 0$(  r  S 00P  0 r  S 0 0 H  0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.> +D=' ,= @B +}  0 |$(  |r | S 0P  0 r | S x0 0 H | 0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>+D=' ,= @B +  0 @8 (  r  S 0P  0 x  c $0  0   S 0p <$  0 0 H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10+b\Do' ,= @B D*' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%( D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*=%(+8+0+0 +}  0 `$(  r  S 0P  0 r  S 0 0 H  0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.> A+D=' ,= @B +}   0 $(  r  S  P   r  S h    H  0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>6+D=' ,= @B +}  0 $(  r  S 3 P   r  S 4    H  0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>ϓ1+D=' ,= @B +S   0 j b   (   x   c $; P   x   c $<    PF s )Y   s cY2   N ?"6@ NNN?Ns Y2   N ?"6@ NNN?Ns Y2   T3f\O?"6@`NNN?N-s Y2   N ?"6@ NNN?Nm s Y2   T3f\O?"6@`NNN?NP v2   N ?"6@ NNN?Ns Y2   T3f\O?"6@`NNN?N )  2   T3f\O?"6@`NNN?NFf )2   T3f\O?"6@`NNN?N  2   N ?"6@ NNN?Ns g,2   H?"6@ NNN?Ns Y,H   0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>+D=' ,= @B +F  0 (  x  c $N P   x  c $O 2   K  0$Q  ,$ 0 cPTOIMITTAJAT TOIMITUSPLLIKT ERIKOISTOIMITTAJAT KUSTANNUSTOIMITTAJAT LEIKKAAJAT UUTISPLLIKT dcc H  0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10.>PM+Do' ,= @B D*' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Da' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+8+0+0 +}  0 $(  r  S ] P   r  S `Y    H  0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>+D=' ,= @B +   0 ~(  r  S `b P   r  S PM+깲D7' ,= @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D)' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%( D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%( D' =4@BBBB%( D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(dD' =4@BBBB%( D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*N%(+8+0+0 +    0 p(  x  c $|~ P      B  "`S      0  "`8 ,$ 0 TYHTEISKOULUT SN Koulut, joissa oppilaina on sek tyttj ett poikia ERILLISKOULUT ` 8 8T   0hI "` ,$  0 [All Finnish schools are co-educational, so probably no data can be found with either term 4[ZZ                           H  0޽h ? ̙3333$___PPT10.>@E+M-h#D`' ,= @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +DR' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%( D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(+p+0+0 ++0+0 +v   0 Ly(  Lr L S l,P  ,  L  <D, "`  , ! L 0H, "` ,$  0 Suvaitsevaisuus (Finnish).   H L 0޽h ? ̙33335-___PPT10 .>@E+U 4D' ,= @B Dd' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D' =+4 8?dCB1+#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*LD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*L+8+0+L0 +   0 (  x  c $ P      Bp  "`       0  "` z,$  0 ~Kaksinnaiminen (Finnish).   H  0޽h ? ̙33335-___PPT10 .>@E+TGD' } = @B Dd' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?dCB1+#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*+8+0+0 +   0 JB P(  Pr P S  P   r P S L     P 0   ,$ 0 8Apotek (Swedish) Apotheken (German) Apotek (Danish)99              P 0p   ,$  0 rApteekit (Finnish)&    H P 0޽h ? ̙3333^V___PPT106.>+a/D'  = @B DU' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D' =+4 8?dCB1+#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*PD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*P+p+0+P0 ++0+P0 +   0  (  x  c $, P      B  "`V    "  0  "`  ,$  0 Aggressiivisuus (Finnish).   H  0޽h ? ̙33335-___PPT10 .>@E+TGD'  = @B Dd' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D' =+4 8?dCB1+#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*+8+0+0 +}  0 P\$(  \r \ S  P   r \ S     H \ 0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>X+D=' ,= @B +}  0 x$(  xr x S ( P   r x S     H x 0޽h ? ̙3333___PPT10i.>l+D=' ,= @B +J 0 pZ(  p^ p S dP    p c $T]d    PIn this case the languages involved are not treated equally. The language of the existing thesaurus becomes the dominant language, and the result is too many language and culture specific terms impossible to translate to all the other participating languages. Better to build a thesaurus from the bottom up, starting from scratch. ELSST translated in three stages. The first stage went slowly and painfully since we tried to translate the z                                                                               H p 0e ? 3380___PPT10.>@w4P  0   ` (  ^  S dP   ]  c $|3]d   ] V,A vocabulary would use  municipal taxation but a thesaurus  local taxation . What s the point of translating a source language term into a target language term that nobody uses. What would its use be in an information search? There would have been no point in carrying out the exercise of translating. In my opinion, it is not worth doing something just for doing it, it must fulfill the inteded purpose.                                                                                                            H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>j;  0 > 6  (  ^  S dP   ]0   c $Dc]d   ] TWithin the domain of the thesaurus, each term is limited to one meaning. Clarification of the meaning may be provided by the term s place in the hierarchy/ structure, but the structure cannot necessarily be seen in the interface where the terms are used a tool for multilingual information searches. Therefore scope notes are esential. Sometimes scope notes may be needed for one language but not for another (e.g. bills  lakiehdotukset  SN needed for the English term but the meaning of the Finnish term is self-evident and unequivocal no SNs needed.T                                                                                                                                          H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>`-  0  =(  ^  S dP   ]  c $h]d   ] 3?Qualifier used to remove the ambiguity between these two terms.                  H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>@wu 0 @(  ^  S dP   ]  c $]d   ] {Terms that people would normally use when talking about the phenomenon, or terms that scolars would use when talking about the subject. In English a phrase and in Finnish a compound term. Otherwise terms would not be useful in searching for information.b                                                                      H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>P4"N 0 P^(  ^  S dP   ]  c $(]d   ] T Many linguistic problems are caused by the fact that languages divide the world differently. Single-to-many equivalence: to express the meaning of a term in one language, two or more terms would be needed in the other language.T^      i H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>  0 &p(  ^  S dP   ]  c $]d   ] |In symmetrical multilingual thesauri the meaning of terms often has to be made broader or narrower than in the natural use of that language but, even so, artificial or  coined terms cannot be avoided. Without the UF terms the preferred term would be useless as no Finn could ever think of using it as a search word. = H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>p~` 0 w(  ^  S dP   ]q  c $,]d   ] SN in English: The Finnish term refers to hunting only. SN in Finnish: In addition to hunting, the English term includes bull-fighting and other sports including the killing or injuring of animals.$       H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>P. # 0   `> (  d  c $dP   ]  s *]d   ] (FUsually in translation work the sentence arround the term specifies the meaning. In a thesaurus, only the term by itself, no context at all.  much more difficult to say what it really means. If we take the English term BILLS as an example. (to send someone a bill asking for money that they owe for a product or service. But this term appears in the hierarcy LAW and means: kts. Statute ['sttu:t] is an act of law                                                                                                    H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>PC $ 0   S (  ^  S dP   _   c $<}_d   _ I #What kind of data would a searcher find with these Finnish terms? Since the 1970s all schools in Finland have been coeducational, so nobody would think of indexing any data with this term. And single sex schools do not exist. So neither term would be used. (SN Since the 1970s, all Finnish schools have been coeducational). In Britain, over 300 schools that are all-boys or all-girls schools at present. The task of the translator is formidable, as she should be aware of the difference between both systems. But nobody can be an all-round expert.                                                                                                                                                       H  0e ? 3380___PPT10. A *  0 :(  ^  S dP   _  c $h_d   _ 0The other languages belong to the Indo-European language family (either its Germanic or Latin branch) but Finnish is one of the Uralic languages. That why Finns asked so many explanations, not so easily attracted by false friends..                                                                   H  0e ? 3380___PPT10. Ap`" 0 zr (  ^  S dP   _l  c $pC_d   _ Often impossible if terms not standardised or generalized beforehand. E.g. matriculation examination (means general secondary school certificate, not vocational). Legal terms: easy example : bail (takuuvapautus) non-existent. Difficult one: arrest/detention.                                                                     H  0e ? 3380___PPT10. AR% 0 (  ^  S dP   _   c $P_d   _ #The one of the worst cases in ELSSTb        H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.A4 0  (  ^  S dP   _  c $\_d   _ No Finn would ever use this term, as most wifes work. They would use terms like women, working life, work-life balance. No good, neutral word in Finnish for housewifes. Househusbands still coming up.                                                       H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.AY(& 0   8 (  d  c $dP   _   s *|_d   _ "  Exact equivalence (interlinguistic synonymy): the terms in the source and target language refer to the same concept. E.g. diabetes, income distribution, European monetary union. Inexact or near equivalence: The terms in different languages differ in viewpoint, even though they express the same general concept. They are not exactly identical, but near enough to be treated as identical. The term  president refers to the same concept in all countries but in fact the powers of the president differ greatly. In Russia, for example, the president has a lot of power whereas in another country the president may be a figurehead with no say in practical decision-making. Perhaps most terms in a multilingual thesaurus are near equivalences. E.g. teacher supervision Partial equivalence (interlinguistic quasi-synonymy, with a difference in specificity): the term in one language has a slightly broader or narrower meaning than the term in the other language. In ELSST we used to have  Short time working which for the British meant involuntary reduced working hours with reduced pay whereas the Finns would see it as including voluntarily working less hours. The English term was changed to  Involuntary short time working . Single-to-many equivalence (too many or not enough terms): to express the meaning of the term in one language, two or more terms are needed in the other language. Like  Blood sports . Mainly due to linguistic problems, and the fact that languages divide the reality differently. H     H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.>Xr N01beiP^tp_fXPڀw~Us_%{!y)&(0,,n/y0*ºf4?EޡK80NTIb:1N(im / 0LDArialЃ_> 0Ѓ0hh,x: 0 BOh+'0T `hx  OtsikkotisasaNN289Microsoft PowerPoint@0 @D'@㎀HGSg  )'    """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www4'A x(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwÚzüS22221skRS2SKY2SsSSKYSRzzznYst2KS2Kz,2nÚSS2SnRS2S2SmϋuS2S2S2SmzzRS2S1S2S2RÚzzSS2S2S2SSS2S2tϋϋSS+2+2+22S+S1S1S2S+m2S2S2S2S2S2S2S2SRS2S1S2S1S2S1S2SKݻܭS2S2SSS2S2S2SmܵݴݵR22S+S2S122sfݼݴܻݳ2S2S2S2SRs܋S1S2S2SKeϴܴܻ⼴uS2S2Smϋz1S1tϴϴSSRϴܴSKϴϴݵݻzϴϴݼݴݵ՜.+,0    On-screen ShowUniversity of Tampere ArialDefault DesignELSSTTranslating a thesaurus One solutionELSSTELSSTThesaurus translation Scope NotesTerm requirementsMultilingual thesaurusLinguistic problemsSolution 1 to BLOOD SPORTSSolution 2 to BLOOD SPORTSSolution 3 to BLOOD SPORTS EquivalenceSingle to many equivalence*Differences in systems cause difficultiesCultural differencesConsequencies for searches-Language families: Indo-European vs. Uralic Language families 2Language families 3Finnish sometimes conformingExperiences from ELSST 1Experiences from ELSST 2  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles_)c0NNNN  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnoqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !b#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLacdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxy{|}~Root EntrydO)HPicturesCurrent User&SummaryInformation("TPowerPoint Document(pDocumentSummaryInformation8D ).  @n?" dd@  @@``   0E*  !"#$%&'()*./0256789:=>?@A42$iC@@W[Ʋb$5ĕmubKnO˅$$$$b$.*x&QQ;_R 0e0e     A@  A5% 8c8c     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||s " 0e@        @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `ab f@Q ʚ;f8ʚ;g4YdYdP9x: 0ppp@ <4!d!d4 0h,<4dddd4 0h, <4BdBd4 0h80___PPT10 pp? %=ELSST  UMeeting the Challenge of a Multilingual Thesaurus Taina Jskelinen, translator, FSDVV@2      Translating a thesaurus  +English term 1: SONS English term 2: BOYS,, ,    One solution0   =Finnish term 1: POJAT (JLKIKASVU) Finnish term 2: POJAT ><p           ELSST European Language Social Science Thesaurus Over 3.000 terms, translated wholly or partly to nine languages English thesaurus used as source Part of an EU-funded project 2                                         ELSST European data archives use to index research data Multilingual search on Madiera portal Not a general thesaurus, has a definite purpose Describes social science data                                   /#Thesaurus translation0     Terms appear alone, without context What does the concept really refer to? English term: BILLS Request for payment of money owed, or the piece of paper on which it is written.(`Q`QD                         Q  Scope Notes"  Scope Notes essential One meaning only within the domain of the thesaurus More Scope Notes needed in multilingual than monolingual thesauri Need for Scope Notes varies from language to language: a term may be self-evident in one language but not in another                                                                  Term requirements0    Natural language terms Accepted by the scientific community Based on conventions in each language PRISONERS OF WAR - SOTAVANGIT WASTE DISPOSAL AND HANDLING - JTEHUOLTO ADVERTISING - MAINONTA <b`b`&                        a Multilingual thesaurus0     Not a glossary or a vocabulary! Used as a search and indexing tool Mapping of concepts, not just translating terms Terms from each language must represent the same concept *                                             Linguistic problems  BLOOD SPORTS Scope Note: Sports involving injuring or killing of animals, especially sports of the chase UFs: Bull-fighting, fox-hunting, hare-coursing, hunting > ZZZ &i  6  zIn Finnish no such concept  no word or phrase to express it "=ZZ> >  Solution 1 to BLOOD SPORTS("  Direct translation resulting in a  coined term: VERIURHEILU UFs: metsstys (=hunting) hrktaistelut (=bull-fights) koiratappelut (=dog fights) kukkotappelut (=cockfights) 3j                    "Solution 2 to BLOOD SPORTS("  Narrower term: METSSTYS (=hunting) With Translation Scope Notes both in English and Finnish to explain the difference in meaning@^^4                         $Solution 3 to BLOOD SPORTS("  Combination of terms: METSSTYS + HRKTAISTELUT + KOIRATAPPELUT + KUKKOTAPPELUT Not feasible Too long without including all possible sports*?<    A                 9& Equivalence  lExact equivalence Inexact or near equivalence Partial equivalence Single to many equivalence Non-equivalencemm                          5%Single to many equivalence<      English term: EDITORS<     ()Differences in systems cause difficulties**(d         Typically education, pension, social security, and health systems E.g., in Britain NHS, in Finland municipal health centres Legal terminology especially difficult to map (                                       )Cultural differences0    MARRIED WOMEN WORKERS UF Working wives TYSSKYVT AVIOVAIMOT No Finn would ever think of using this term for indexing , as most wives work, therefore no data would be found with the term pPPPPP,   1$Consequencies for searches0    ^COEDUCATIONAL SCHOOLS SN Schools where boys and girls are educated together SINGLE SEX SCHOOLSBZ6ZZ6                 ,Language families: Indo-European vs. Uralic --(p         Tolerance (English term) Tolerans (Swedish) Tolerance (French) Toleranz (German) Tolerancia (Spanish) Toleranse (Norwegian)Z                               *Language families 2<    rBigamy (English) Bigamie (French) Bigamie (German) Bigamia (Spanish) Bigami (Danish) Bigami (Swedish) ss&                         Language families 3<    ?Pharmacies (English) Pharmacies (French) Farmacias (Spanish)@@               ,!Finnish sometimes conformingJ       Agressiveness (English) Agressivite (French) Agresividad (Spanish) Agressivitt (German) Aggressivitet (Danish) Aggressivitet (Swedish) Z@                              Experiences from ELSST 1<     Not a good starting point: translating one thesaurus into other languages as such Preparatory work essential Specific terms as language-spefic UFs Multilingual thesauri terms more general Management group and a updating tool necessary (                                                         Experiences from ELSST 2<     Differences in ELSST: Indexing at study level or variable (question) level IFLA Guidelines for multilingual thesauri Madiera portal (www.madiera.net)t                                /!# 0 2 3468: 0 )!(  ^  S dP   _  c $\_d   _ No Finn would ever use this term, as most wifes work. They would use index terms like women, working life, work-life balance. No good, neutral word in Finnish for housewifes. Househusbands still coming up.                                                         H  0e ? 3380___PPT10.AYrMc8)c:1 ՜.+,0    On-screen ShowUniversity of Tampere ArialDefault DesignELSSTTranslating a thesaurus One solutionELSSTELSSTThesaurus translation Scope NotesTerm requirementsMultilingual thesaurusLinguistic problemsSolution 1 to BLOOD SPORTSSolution 2 to BLOOD SPORTSSolution 3 to BLOOD SPORTS EquivalenceSingle to many equivalence*Differences in systems cause difficultiesCultural differencesConsequencies for searches-Language families: Indo-European vs. Uralic Language families 2Language families 3Finnish sometimes conformingExperiences from ELSST 1Experiences from ELSST 2  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles_0NNNN